June 4, 1942: The Battle of Midway — Aviation Turns the Tide of World War II

|Randall Wagnon
June 4, 1942: The Battle of Midway — Aviation Turns the Tide of World War II

On June 4, 1942, American naval aviators achieved one of the most decisive victories in military history at the Battle of Midway. In a single day, U.S. dive bombers sank four Japanese fleet carriers — the backbone of the force that had attacked Pearl Harbor — changing the course of World War II.

The Battle of Midway was won by naval aviators flying Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers, flying torpedo strikes in Devastators (which suffered devastating losses), and providing fighter cover in Wildcat fighters. The torpedo squadrons flew straight into heavy opposition with almost no fighter escort, suffering near-total losses — but their sacrifice drew the Japanese fighters down to sea level, leaving the carrier decks exposed.

In those few critical minutes, three Dauntless squadrons from USS Enterprise and USS Yorktown found the Japanese carriers with their flight decks packed with refueling and rearming aircraft. The explosions and fires that followed were catastrophic. Four Japanese fleet carriers — Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu — were sunk within hours.

The men who flew that mission — especially the torpedo squadron crews who knew their chances were almost zero — are among the greatest heroes in American military history. Torpedo Squadron 8 from the Hornet lost all 15 aircraft and 29 of 30 aircrew. Only Ensign George Gay survived.

Midway turned the tide of the Pacific War in four days of air combat. At Cleared4Tees, we honor the naval aviators who made it happen.

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